Citation Styles
Select your citation style from the menu below. This will link you to a citation style guide. The citation styles include:
APSA is similar to Chicago Manual of Style (author-date, 17th edition). Consult the APSA style guide for resources other than books or journal articles (ex. government documents, law and legal resources)
Use an in-text parenthetical citation when you paraphrase or directly quote the words and ideas of another creator in your writing. The elements of the parenthetical citation are the creators' last name and year of publication. If you are using a direct quote also include the page number.
Examples:
One author
(Dolan 2014, 123-25)
2-3 authors
(Banesh, Armstrong, and Wallander 2020)
4+ authors
(Ascher et al. 2022)
List references alphabetically. To cite sources other than books and articles, consult the APSA style manual.
Books follow the general structure:
Author's last name, First name. Year. Title in Italics. Publication city: Publisher.
Examples:
One author
Dolan, Kathleen A. 2014. When Does Gender Matter? Women Candidates and Gender Stereotypes in American Elections. Oxford University Press.
2+ Authors
Béland, Daniel, Andrea Louise Campbell, and R. Kent Weaver. 2022. Policy Feedback: How Policy Shapes Politics. Cambridge University Press.
Chapter in an edited volume
Ascher, Ivan, Carolyn Hardin, Steven Klein, Johnna Montomerie, and Emily Rosamond. 2022. "Finance and the Financialization of Capitalism". In Capitalism, Democracy, Socialism: Critical Debates, eds. Albena Azmanova and James Chamberlain. Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-08407-2_4
Journal and news articles (periodicals) follow the general structure:
Authors last name, First name. Year. "Title in quotes." Journal name. Volume (Issue): page range. doi: (if available)
Examples:
One author
Park, Hong Min. 2015. “Studying Rules Changes in the U.S. House: Evidence from an Alternative Empirical Model.” Congress and the Presidency 42 (1): 28-49. doi:10.1080/07343469.2014.973621
2-3 authors
Banesh, Sara., David A. Armstrong II, and Zachary Wallander. 2020. "Advisors to Elites: Untangling Their Effect." Journal of Law and Courts 8 (1): 51-73. doi:10.1086/704740
