Note: While these below resources are great sources for finding data sets, you can also find valuable data and graphs from the research papers you've selected. These will commonly be located in the paper's Results section.
This video from the US Census Bureau walks through generating data maps for a specific location in data.census.gov.
CDC and other national datasets often overlook communities or factors when collecting data.
In these cases, it is best to find local or organizational information that will contextualize the struggle of the communities and their specific health concerns and needs.
Resources containing demographic data as well as general information on statistics and analysis.