Instructions: Open both articles linked below in different browser tabs. Without reading either source:
Identify each article's author, audience, and purpose.
Pay attention to number and types of sources cited in each article
Skim a paragraph or two. Note the differences in the word choice and writing style (language) of the two sources
Review the type of visuals used in each source
Both of these sources are trustworthy and could be used to support college-level research, but one is considered popular and the other is scholarly.
Instructions: After completing Part 1, compare your observations about the two sources with the source characteristics summarized in the chart below.
|
Popular Source: "Therapy dogs help students cope with the stress of college life" from The Conversation. |
Scholarly Source: "Should Dogs Have a Seat in the Classroom? The Effects of Canine Assisted Education on College Student Mental Health" from The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. |
|
|---|---|---|
| Author |
The author is a professor of occupational therapy with a PhD, but that doesn't automatically make this a scholarly source. Anyone can be the author of a popular source, and that's why it's important to review multiple source characteristics to tell if a source is scholarly. |
These authors all have advanced degrees (PhD, MSOT, MS) in Occupational Therapy and are licensed occupational therapists. They are experts affiliated with Wayne State University and Ithaca College (according to the cover page) |
| Audience | The homepage links to lots of short articles about current events and human interest stories.This tells us articles published by The Conversation are written for readers who want to learn a little bit about a variety of issues in the news. Readers do not need specialized knowledge about any subject to understand articles published in the Conversation. | According to the journal website, the Open Journal of Occupational Therapy (OJOT) publishes articles that, "focus on applied research, practice, and education in the occupational therapy profession". This tells us that OJOT articles are written for occupational therapy researchers and practitioners. Readers will probably need specialized knowledge about Occupational Therapy to understand articles published in OJOT. |
| Purpose | This article starts with an uplifting story about a student's experience with therapy dogs.This story includes facts from several different research studies, but the article is short and doesn't go into detail about these studies. This article was written to share basic information and entertain readers. | The authors of this article conducted an original research experiment to better understand the impact of therapy dogs on student stress. This article was written to share their research findings with other Occupational therapy researchers and practitioners. |
| Sources Cited | This author uses linked text to direct readers to the small number of sources she used to write the article. Only a few of the linked sources are scholarly. There is no literature review or reference list/bibliography. | This reference list is 35 sources long and mostly contains other scholarly sources. |
| Language Used | The author uses terms that most readers would understand like "therapy dog." Scanning the first few paragraph, the language is professional but readable. | The authors use the term "animal assisted intervention" to describe the use of therapy animals in occupational therapy literature. scanning the first few paragraphs, the language seems formal and technical. |
| Visuals Used | This article has a picture of a therapy dog and a picture of a person smiling at a dog. These images make the article look nice, but they are not necessary to understand the article. |
Figure 1 “Conceptual Theoretical Model Applying PEO to Canine Assisted Education in this Study” is a diagram that explains the main theoretical model applied by the researchers. It's there to help readers understand the authors' research methods. Figure 2 “Pretest-Posttest Anxiety and Stress Bar Graph” is a graph that presents data collected by the researchers as part of their experiment. Both of these visualizations are included to help readers understand the research the authors conducted. |
Instructions: Complete this six-question, multiple choice assessment in Part 3A. Select the best answer, then use the arrow in the right corner to advance to the next question. After you have completed the assessment, click 'Show Solution' to see your results and get feedback. Then move onto the discussion and reflection questions in Part 3B. This activity isn't graded, and your responses will not be recorded or shared.
Instructions: Review the two questions below, and either discuss with classmates or reflect on your own.
We've learned that different sources are created with different audiences in mind to fulfill different purposes. Taking time to consider a source's author, audience, and purpose will help you understand the information shared in the source and use it appropriately. Complete the activity below to practice differentiating popular and scholarly source types based on their author, audience, and purpose.
Without reading or watching each source in full, review the 5 source examples below. Make note of details that point to each source's author, audience, and purpose.
Tip: Each example link will open in a new window. Once you've opened all the sources, compare them. What are the similarities and differences in the ways the sources are formatted and made available?
After you've decided where each example source falls on the Source Spectrum, Arrange the source tiles on the spectrum. The more popular a source seems, the further left it goes. The more scholarly a source is, the further right it falls on the spectrum. Once you're satisfied with how you ordered the examples sources from popular to scholarly, check your answer for feedback.
Discuss or reflect on the following questions:
Scholars aren't the only credible stakeholders contributing to the conversation around a given issue. Although scholarly research is rigorous and focused, the systems behind it are designed to privilege certain ways of knowing over others. Understanding the world around us requires considering a variety of sources. Some information can only be sourced from stakeholders whose expertise is based on cultural knowledge or personal experience.
At the turn of the 20th Century, the Belcher Islands--an archipelago in Hudson Bay, Canada--were unknown to Western Geographers despite 200 years of sailing expeditions in the region. Inuit people, however, were intimately familiar with this large cluster of islands.
These two images are different geographic representations of the same land mass. Neither is a scholarly article, but both offer unique information that could be analyzed or interpreted in scholarly research about Sanikiluaq/The Belcher Islands.Take a few minutes to think about the different types of information each image represents, and discuss:
Activity inspired by the blog post:
Murphyao, A. (2020, January 1). “The white man doesn’t know everything:” Wetalltok’s Map of Belcher Islands. Carto-Caricatures.
Source Type |
Purpose |
|---|---|
| Websites | Can cover personal, corporate, or informational topics |
| News Media | Current events and news. Often published daily |
| Magazines | Written for a general audience. Articles report news or trends. |
| Trade Journals | Written for professionals in a particular field. Reports on topics and evens in a given industry. |
| Scholarly Journals | Written for a scholarly audience. Report original research. |
| Books | Can be popular or scholarly. Cover topics in more depth than articles. |
