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Classics

Information resources for the study of language, literature, culture, and society of ancient Greece and Rome

Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) Citation Resources

Each time you refer to an outside source, it should be documented in a footnote or an endnote. Ask your professor which style you should use. The format of the footnote/endnote citation is different than that of the bibliography citation. 

  • Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page on which the source is referenced. Endnotes appear at the end of the chapter or document in which the source is referenced.
  • A superscript number should appear at the end of the sentence in which the source is quoted or paraphrased.
  • Each footnote/endnote must correspond to a superscript number in consecutive order beginning with 1.
  • If you cite the same source more than once, you can use the shortened form or use "Ibid". For more information check the Chicago Manual of Style Online.

In text:

Shields describes the 1950's New York art scene as "tailor-made for socializing." 1

Footnote:

1. Charles Shields, Mockingbird: A Portrait of Harper Lee (New York: Henry Holt, 2006), 21.

Template

Note number. Author First Name Author Last Name, "Title of Article," Title of Journal Volume, no. Issue (Year of Publication): Page range.

Examples

Print Article

1. Karen Ellery, "Undergraduate Plagiarism: A Pedagogical Perspective," Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 33, no. 5 (2008): 507.

Online Article

2. Maxin Mozgovoy, Tuomo Kakkonen, and Georgina Cosma, "Automatic Student Plagiarism Detection: Future Perspectives," Journal of Educational Computing Research 43, no. 4 (2010): 511-12, doi:10.2190/EC.43.4.e.

Template

Book

Note number. Author First Name Author Last Name, Title of Book, Edition ed. (Place of Publication: Publisher Name, Year of Publication), Page Range.

Chapter in an edited book

Note number. Author First Name Author Last Name, "Title of Chapter/Essay," in Title of Book, ed. Editor's name (Place of Publication: Publisher Name, Year of Publication), Page Range.

Examples

One author

4. Charles Shields, Mockingbird: A Portrait of Harper Lee (New York: Henry Holt, 2006), 21.

Multiple authors

5. Jeanne Ellis Ormrod and Dinah Jackson McGuire, Case Studies: Applying Educational Psychology, 2nd ed. (Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall, 2007), 114-15.

Chapter in an edited book

6. Paul Smith, "The Diverse Librarian," in An Introduction to Reference Services in Academic Libraries, ed. Elizabeth Connor (Binghamptom, NY: Haworth Press, 2006), 137.

Caption Images in CMS